Alabama is located in the east south central United States, at the southern end of the Appalachian Mountains and on the Gulf of Mexico. Alabama became a state in 1819; the economy of the central "black belt" had large rich slave plantations that grew cotton. Alabama seceded and joined the Confederate States of America, 1861-65. After a period of Reconstruction it emerged as a poor rural state, still tied to cotton, with high racial tensions between the ruling whites and the recently emancipated African Americans; many of the latter migrated north after 1917.

Politically the state was one-party Democratic, and produced a number of national leaders.  World War II brought prosperity. Cotton faded in importance as the state developed a manufacturing and service base. After 1980 the state became a Republican stronghold in presidential elections, and leans Republican in state elections. In the late 1990s manufacturing remained the dominant economic sector. Also significantly contributing to Alabama’s gross product were the government and service sectors. A 2002 real estate survey has estimated the population of Alabama at 4,487,000.

-- Courtesy of Wikipedia

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